ASTM D6286-12

Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization

STANDARD published on 1.9.2012

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The information about the standard:

Designation standards: ASTM D6286-12
Note: WITHDRAWN
Publication date standards: 1.9.2012
SKU: NS-34526
The number of pages: 17
Approximate weight : 51 g (0.11 lbs)
Country: American technical standard
Category: Technical standards ASTM

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Other standards related to soil quality Equipment for drilling and mine excavation

Annotation of standard text ASTM D6286-12 :

Keywords:

drilling, environmental, groundwater, monitoring wells, site characterization, ICS Number Code 13.080.99 (Other standards related to soil quality), 73.100.30 (Equipment for drilling and mine excavation)

Additional information


Significance and Use
4.1 The selection of particular method(s) for drilling monitoring wells (see Table 1) requires that specific characteristics of each site be considered. These characteristics would include, but are not limited to, the ambient hydrogeologic parameters and conditions existing at the site. This guide is intended to make the user aware of some of the various drilling methods available and the applications, advantages and disadvantages of each with respect to determining groundwater chemistry and other hydrogeologic properties data. Drilling Method	Drilling Fluid	Casing Advance	Type of Material Drilled	Typical Drilling Depth, in m (ft)^A	Typical Range of Borehole Sizes, in cm (in.)	Samples Obtainable^B	Coring Possible	Reference Section
Power auger (Hollow-stem)	none, water, mud	yes	soil, weathered rock	<45 (150)	12.7–55 (5–22)	S, F	yes	6.2

Power auger (Solid-stem)	water, mud	no	soil, weathered rock	<45 (150)	5–25 (2–10)	s	yes	6.3

Power bucket auger	none, water (below water table)	no	soil, weathered rock	<45 (150)	45–120 (18–48)	S	yes	6.4

Hand auger	none	no	soil	<20 (70) (above water table only)	5–15 (2–6)	S	yes	6.5

Direct fluid rotary	water, mud	yes	soil, rock	>300 (1000)	5–90 (2–36)	S, R	yes	7.3

Direct air rotary	air, water, foam	yes	soil, rock	>460 (1500)	5–90 (2–36)	S, R, F	yes	7.4

DTH hammer	air, water, foam	yes	rock, boulders	<600 (2000)	10–40 (4–16)	R	yes	7.5.1

Wireline	air, water, foam	yes	soil, rock	>300 (1000)	7.6–15 (3–6)	S, R, F	yes	7.6

Reverse fluid rotary	water, mud	yes	soil, rock	<600 (2000)	30–90 (12–36)	S, R, F	yes	7.8

Reverse air rotary	air, water, foam	yes	soil, rock	>300 (1000)	30–90 (12–36)	S, R, F	yes	7.7

Cable tool	water	yes	soil, rock	<1500 (5000)	10–60 (4–24)	S, R, F (F–below water table)	yes	8

Casing-advancer	air, water, mud	yes	soil, rock, boulders	<600 (2000)	5–40 (2–16)	S, R, F	yes	9

Direct-push technology	none	yes	soil	Typical 6-7 (20-25) Maximum <30 (100)	3.8–7.6 (1.5–3)	S, F	yes	10

Sonic (vibratory)	none, water, mud, air	yes	soil, rock, boulders	<150 (500)	10–30 (4–12)	S, R, F	yes	11

Jet percussion	water	no	soil	<15.0 (50)	5–10 (2–4)	S	no	12

Jetting	water	yes	soil	<15 (50)	10 (4)	S	no	12

4.2 This guide can be used in conjunction with Guide D6169. There are several guides that deal with individual drilling methods (see Guides D5781, D5782, D5783, D5784, D5872, D5875, and D5876) and how to the complete them for water quality monitoring device installation (see Practice D5092).

1. Scope

1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various drilling methods for environmental site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. A comprehensive description of these drilling methods can be found in individual ASTM standards, see Section 2. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for environmental soil and rock borings and the installation of monitoring wells and other water-quality monitoring devices.

1.2 This guide does not address methods of well construction, well development, or well completion. These topics are covered in other ASTM documents, see Section 1.3 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Because dimensions of materials used in the drilling industry are given in inch-pound units by convention, rationalized inch-pound units also are used in this guide. Each system of units is to be regarded separately as standard.

1.5 This guide does not specifically address methods of lithologic sample collection, such as coring, that may require the use of a specific drilling method. Other ASTM guides should be consulted for sampling methods (see Guide D6169) and equipment necessary for specific projects.

1.6 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and the issues associated with drilling for environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for drilling and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions; therefore, users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to specifying program requirements.

1.7 Pertinent guides addressing specific drilling methods, equipment and procedures are listed in 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.9 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education and experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

2. Referenced Documents

D5782-18	Standard Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D5781-95(2000)	Standard Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D5730-04	Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
D1586-11	Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D5753-18	Standard Guide for Planning and Conducting Geotechnical Borehole Geophysical Logging
D5092-04	Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells in Aquifers
D3550-01	Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
D2113-14	Standard Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Exploration (Withdrawn 2023)
D1587-08	Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D6910-04	Standard Test Method for Marsh Funnel Viscosity of Clay Construction Slurries
D6429-23	Standard Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods
D6169-98	Standard Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investigations
D6151-08	Standard Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
D6001-05	Standard Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization
D5872-95(2000)	Standard Guide for Use of Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D5784-95(2000)	Standard Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D5783-18	Standard Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D5875-95(2000)	Standard Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D2488-17e1	Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures) (Includes all amendments and changes 4/4/2018).
D5876-95(2000)	Standard Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
D420-18	Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
D653-22	Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids