ASTM E2356-18

4.1 Management of asbestos-containing materials in buildings and facilities requires knowledge of the location, type, quantity, and condition of the material. The more complete and accurate the information available, the more appropriate and cost-effective are the control measures used to reduce possible exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. This is true whether the asbestos-containing materials remain undisturbed and completely intact, are selectively removed for maintenance or prior to renovation, or are removed to the greatest extent feasible before demolishing the building or facility.

4.2 This practice describes three types of surveys that support different objectives. These are the Baseline Survey, the Project Design Survey, and the Pre-Construction Survey.

4.3 The inter-relationships among the three types of surveys and with other ASTM asbestos control standards is shown in Fig. 1.

4.4 This practice emphasizes the concept that a Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey consists of more than the collection and analysis of samples, and the report is more than a compilation of laboratory results. It is important to inspect as many functional spaces as possible and to document the reasons why certain functional spaces were not inspected and locations where no suspect materials were observed and, consequently, no samples were taken. Reasons might include access limitations, the absence of materials to sample, the existence of information from previous surveys, or the availability of reliable documentation such product data sheets or Safety Data Sheets (previously known as Material Safety Data Sheets, MSDS) where the content of that document specifically details the absence of added asbestos. It is worthy to note that it can be difficult to find MSDS or product data sheets for installed materials or in older buildings or structures. It is also known that asbestos content was not always disclosed in these documents. In other cases there may be a material descriptions (as with asphaltic roofing products) where the term “encapsulated asbestos” is used. Terms of this nature do not do not constitute the absence of asbestos. If the absence of asbestos is not clearly noted on these documents they should not be used to eliminate an installed material from a survey.

4.5 A Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey is not limited to the class of materials commonly referred to as asbestos-containing building materials (ACBM), defined in the AHERA regulations as “... found in or on interior structural members or other parts of a building.” Items that are difficult to distinguish as such may include cooling towers, laboratory hoods, gaskets, chalkboards, and other articles. These may be installed in, attached to, or adjacent to the building or facility but are not as clearly a part of the building or facility as fireproofing or floor tile. Nonetheless, such items still fall within the scope of an asbestos management program and therefore are addressed in this practice. Locations outside the building, in particular equipment in industrial facilities and power plants, and crawl spaces underneath the building are within the scope of a Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey.

4.6 This practice is intended to be used by individuals who are conducting a Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey for the owner or manager of a building or facility under a contractual arrangement for services as well as by employees of the owner or manager. If the individual is conducting the survey under a contractual arrangement (which may be with the firm employing the individual), the owner or manager of the building is still responsible for certain activities as described in this practice.

1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting comprehensive surveys of buildings and facilities for the purpose of locating, identifying, quantifying, and assessing asbestos-containing materials.

1.2 The results of a Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey are intended to be used for ongoing management of asbestos-containing materials, including Operations and Maintenance (O&M), removal, and other response actions. This includes response actions associated with renovations. A Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey is also intended to provide information required for removal of asbestos-containing materials prior to demolition of a building or facility.

1.3 This practice discusses three types of surveys: Baseline Surveys, Project Design Surveys, and Pre-Construction Surveys.

1.4 This practice discusses the following activities for each of the above types of surveys:

1.5 This practice does not include air sampling or surface (dust) sampling for purposes of evaluating a potential exposure hazard from airborne asbestos fibers. The reader may find assistance with exposure assessment determination by reviewing Practice D7886.

1.6 Warning—Asbestos fibers are acknowledged carcinogens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of the lungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Precautions in this practice should be taken to avoid creating and breathing airborne asbestos particles from materials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 for regulatory requirements addressing asbestos.

1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.